World's Smallest 64GB Solid State Disk!

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data. SSD are distinguished from traditional hard disk drives (HDDs), which are electromechanical devices containing spinning disks and movable read/write heads.

As of 2010, most SSDs use NAND-based flash memory, which retains memory even without power. SSDs is using volatile random-access memory (RAM) also exist for situations which require even faster access, but do not necessarily need data persistance after power loss, or use external power or batteries to maintain the data after power is removed.

A Hybrid Drive= HDD+SDD. In May 2010, Seagate launched the Momentus XT solid state hybrid drive. The SSD portion of new drive is also now a larger 4 GB, compared to 256 MB in th epast.


Compare to traditional HDDs, SSDs are typically less susceptible to physical shock, quiter, and have lower access time and latency. SSDs use the same interface as hard disk drives, thus easily replacing them in kosr applications.

NAND Flash uses floating-gate transistors, but they are connected in a way that resembles a NAND gate. These group are then connected via some additional transistors to a NOR-style bit line array. NAND flash uses tunnel injection for writing and tunnel release for erasing. NAND flash, memory forms the core of the removable USB storage devices known as USB flash drives, as well as most memory card formats and solid-state drives available today.


See you soon!

References:

http://www.technama.com/2010/world%E2%80%99s-smallest-64gb-solid-state-disk/

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Flash+memory#NAND_flash

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/solid+state+disk

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Hybrid+drive

A new way to NANO- The new iPod nano with Multi-Touch

Remixed for fingertips

Ipod nano with multi-touch is designed to be easy, intuitive, and fun- just likes music. And it’s even smaller, so music can be an even bigger part of just about everything.

Music has a whole new feel.

iPod nano has been completely redesigned with Multi-Touch- the same technology that makes iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch so amazing. Now it’s half the size and even easier to play. And everything you want to hear is just a tap or swipe away.
Turn up the color.
In sleek anodized aluminium and seven bright colors, iPod makes a huge statement: you are, most definitely, ready to rock.



Pixels that pop.

Show off ypur album art. Photos, and the color-coordinated wallpaper on the 1.5-inch color display with 240-by-240 pixel resolution. It’s tiny yet stunning.




Clip on and cut loose.

The new built-in clip makes it easy to move to the music. Just clip iPod nano to ypur sleeve, jacket, or bag. And wherever you go, your favourite tunes are right where you need them.



Plug into the groove.

With the built-in 30-pin connector, you can easily plug iPod nano into your car stereo system, your speakers at home, and many other products made for iPod.





It fits your fingers.

iPod nano is 46 percent smaller, 42 percent lighter, and 100 percent made for music with Multi-Touch. It’s the perfect size for a tap or a swipe, so fingertips feel right at home.


MULTI-TOUCH BASICS




Home screen

Swipe left to see additional icons. Toreturn home from other screens, swipe right, or touch and hold anywhere. (swipe)





Multi-Touch

Tap to select items. Swipe up or down to browse lists. Rotate the screen using two fingers. Double-tap to zoom photos. (rotate)




Custom Home Screens

Touch and hold an icon until it jiggles, then drag it to a new location. Press Sleep/Wake when finished. (drag)





Song controls

Tap an album cover to show song controls. Swipe left to see Repeat, Genius, and Shuffle controls. Shake iPod nano to shuffle songs.





Genius

Tap Genius Mixes to hear songs that go great together. Or, create a Genius playlist by playing a song like, and tapping the song control.




FM radio

Tap to show radio controls. Flick the radio dial to change stations, or tap to set favourites. Swipe left to show Live Pause controls.



www.apple.com

Communication & Network

The Theory of Communication Network

The idea of a network first emerged with perhaps the oldest form of organized communication: the postal service. Most communication networks, even modern ones, share many of its aspects.

• A user writes a letter, serving in the communications context as the message source.
• This message is sent to the network by delivery to one of the network's public entry points. Entry points in the postal case are mailboxes, post offices, or your friendly mailman or mailwoman picking up the letter.
• The communications network delivers the message in the most efficient (timely) way possible, trying not to corrupt the message while doing so.
• The message arrives at one of the network's exit points, and is delivered to the recipient (what we have termed the message sink).

Wireless Connection

Wi-Fi

A wireless network uses radio waves, just like cell phones, televisions and radios do. In fact, communication across a wireless network is a lot like two-way radio communication.

International symbol for Wi-Fi

Here's what happens!!

1. A computer's wireless adapter translates data into a radio signal and transmits it using an antenna.
2. A wireless router receives the signal and decodes it. The router sends the information to the Internet using a physical, wired Ethernet connection.

How iTunes Mobile Works

• Apple's iPod and iPhone dominate their respective product categories. So it's perhaps no surprise that iTunes, the software that helps those products perform much of their magic, is also virtually ubiquitous. Although iTunes began as a program for desktop computers, it's now available on some mobile devices, too.

How iTunes Mobile Works?

What Is Bluetooth?

Bluetooth wireless technology is built into electronic gadgets and lets you talk and share information like voice, music and videos, wirelessly.

• Well it isn't some strange form of tooth decay as you might initially imagine. Bluetooth is the name of a new technology that is now becoming commercially available. It promises to change significantly the way we use machines.

1. Take a look around

Look around you at the moment, you have your keyboard connected to the computer, as well as a printer, mouse, monitor and so on. What (literally) joins all of these together?, they are connected by cables. Cables have become the bane of many offices, homes etc. Most of us have experienced the 'joys' of trying to figure out what cable goes where, and getting tangled up in the details. Bluetooth essentially aims to fix this, it is a cable-replacement technology.

2. How?

Bluetooth is a standard for a small , cheap radio chip to be plugged into computers, printers, mobile phones, etc.A Bluetooth chip is designed to replace cables by taking the information normally carried by the cable, and transmitting it at a special frequency to a receiver Bluetooth chip, which will then give the information received to the computer, phone whatever.

3. How about..?

That was the original idea, but the originators of the original idea soon realised that a lot more was possible. If you can transmit information between a computer and a printer, why not transmit data from a mobile phone to a printer, or even a printer to a printer?. The projected low cost of a Bluetooth chip, and its low power consumption, means you could literally place one anywhere.

4.  The Future

Whatever the ideas, Bluetooth is set to take off. To be honest it's going to be forced down the consumers necks, whether they want it or not, as too many companies have invested in it. This website is generally geared towards the technical issues surrounding Bluetooth, and its implementation in real life.

What is GPS?

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense.

How it works?

GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact location. Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is.

How accurate GPS is? 

Today's GPS receivers are extremely accurate, thanks to their parallel multi-channel design. Garmin's 12 parallel channel receivers are quick to lock onto satellites when first turned on and they maintain strong locks, even in dense foliage or urban settings with tall buildings. Certain atmospheric factors and other sources of error can affect the accuracy of GPS receivers. Garmin® GPS receivers are accurate to within 15 meters on average.

GPS Gazette

Broadband

The term broadband refers to a telecommunications signal of greater bandwidth, in some sense, than another standard or usual signal (and the broader the band, the greater the capacity for traffic). Different criteria for "broad" have been applied in different contexts and at different times. Its origin is in radio systems engineering, but became popularized after MediaOne adopted it as part of a marketing campaign in 1996 to sell their high speed data access.

Maxis Broadband

Celcom Broadband

DIGI Broadband

P1 Wimax Broadband

Introducing to you, the latest broadband 4G package!

Overview Packages Coverage

Discover new worlds with blazing fast connections and seamless surfing like nothing you've ever experienced before.  Wireless broadband in its most evolved form, P1 4G sets a new surfing standard and brings mobile freedom to all consumers.  It unwired homes, offices and hangouts while freeing the way you live, work and play.

Greater Speed • WiMAX offers faster and more consistent speeds than most wireless technologies such as WiFi, EDGE, UMTS (3G) and HSDPA (3.5G).

Wider Coverage • WiMAX coverage is up to hundreds of times the coverage range of WiFi.

Excellent Quality of Service (QoS) • Designed with cutting-edge QoS technology, WiMAX is dynamically optimised to support seamless and high quality streaming    of voice, video and data downloads.

Protected Privacy and High Security • WiMAX is enhanced with advanced data encryption to ensure worry-free wireless surfing sessions

Overview Packages Coverage

E-Billing : FREE (Or RM5 monthly for a paper bill) Modem is on rental basis. RM50 Modem Return Rebate will be credited in the last bill when modem is returned in good working condition. RM 200 administrative fee is chargeable if the service is terminated within 12 months. Terms and conditions apply. References : http://www.p1.com.my/ http://www.bluetooth.com/Pages/Bluetooth-Home.aspx http://www8.garmin.com/aboutGPS/ Computing Essentials (Complete 2010), Linda & Timothy O'Leary

Communications and Networks

Computer Usage @ work : Agriculture

The worlds dependent on the agriculture industry is enormous. The demand is continually increase and allow this industry growing very high. Although people have worked in agriculture for more than 1000 years, technology could not be separated as it can be apart to foster agriculture business.

Almost all companies have many acres of land and they must maintain and its not feasible for every farmer to take frequent trips around the property to perform basic task such as watering soil in the absence of raining. By providing several solutions, the irrigation process is automated by sensors detect how much rain has fallen recently as well as whether the soil is need of watering. The sensors send data to computer that process and decided when an how much to water. Many automated home irrigation system also are programmable and use rain sensors, which keep the irrigation system from turn on o turn off when rainfall occurs.

In addition to keeping the irrigation system. Computer can utilize by using sensors to analyze the condition of crops in the field and determine whether pests or disease are affect by the crops. If detect, computer send a notification to the appropriate individual to make corrective action.


Conclusion

• The using of networks and communication made farmer to do job ease.
• Wireless access throughout the farm also allows farmer to monitor their farms and communicate with colleague from remote locations.

sources: scsite.com/dcf2011/ch8/work and agriculture

Secondary Storage

Secondary Storage Media

 Hello Guys!

Good day friends!

 

In today's lesson, we will be looking at secondary storage media. 

 

This became necessary due to the fact that primary storage devices such as RAM and ROM are limited in size and are temporary , while secondary storage is permanent and can be used for backup purposes and future use. 

 

A comparison can be made among the variety of secondary storage devices in respect to their portability, speed and capacity.

 

1.Storage capacity

Storage capacity is the amount that a particular storage medium can hold. Large capacity storage devices are more preferred for many sophisticated programs and large database.

2.Access speed

This refers to the average time needed to locate data on a secondary storage device. Access time is measured in milliseconds.

3.Portability

 This refers to the ease and accessibility of a device to transfer information from one computer to another.

For your information, every secondary storage device requires its own drive.Besides, 

Storage devices record and retrieve data, instructions and information to and from storage media. Examples are floppy disk drive, hard disk drive, compact disc drive.

Secondary storage devices fall into two main categories:

• Direct Access Storage Devices (DASD)
• Serial/Sequential Access Storage Devices (SASD)

  Storage media comprised of many types which is

• Floppy diskettes
• Hard disks
• Magnetic tape
• USB flash drive
• CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory)
• WORM (Write Once Read Many)
• Compact Disc Recordable (CD-R)
• Compact Disc Rewritable (CD-RW)
• Digital Versatile/Video Disc (DVD)
• Flash memory

Generally,compact Disc also known as optical disc.The Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) is an optical disc technology developed between April 2004 and mid-2008 which can store the same amount of information of between 20 and 200  Blu-ray discs. 

 

Blu-ray Disc

A red laser is used as the reference beam to read servo-information  from a regular CD-style aluminum layer near the bottom. Servoinformation is used to monitor the position of the read head over the disc, similar to the head, track, and sector information on a conventional  hard disk drive. On a CD or DVD.

How Holographic Versatile Discs (HVD) Work?

Holography is a method of recording patterns of light to produce a three-dimensional object. The recorded patterns of light are called a hologram. 

 HVD offers several advantages over traditional storage technology. First and foremost,HVDs can ultimately store more than 1 terabyte (TB) of information  that's 200 times more than a single-sided DVD and 20 times more than a current double-sided Blu-ray. 

This is partly due to HVDs storing holograms in overlapping patterns, while a DVD basically stores bits of information side-by-side. HVDs also use a thicker recording layer than DVDs an HVD stores information in almost the entire volume of the disc, instead of just a single, thin layer.

 

Volumetric recording method

DVD vs. HVD: Recording-layer depth

 

The other major boost over conventional memory systems is HVD's transfer rate of up to 1 gigabyte (GB) per second  that's 40 times faster than DVD. 

An HVD stores and retrieves an entire page of data, approximately 60,000 bits of information, in one pulse of light, while a DVD stores and retrieves one bit of data in one pulse of light.

 

 

References ;

http://www.youthlinkjamaica.com/cxc/infotech20101019.htm 

http://www.blu-ray.com/info/

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/hvd.htm 

 

 Credit to;

Ecma International