OBJECT ORIENTED DATABASE

This entry in under DBMS structure which is the other data structures are primarily designed to handle structured data such as names, addresses, pay rates and so on...

• Object Oriented Database technology at the top. As the only true federated Object Oriented Database - Objectivity or  Database unique distributed design allows for the massive scalability and zero-defects, mission-critical, super-computing performance required by global Data-Fusion, Multi-Intelligence, Bioinformatics, and Complex Industrial applications.

• Objectivity  or database is a high performance database engine far superior to relational database management systems because it is an Object Oriented Database software library linked to the application program rather than a separate data server process. 
• By removing the mapping layer required by all relational databases to interpret data the Object Oriented Database dramatically enhances throughput, capacity, and scalability. Objectivity or database  federated Object Oriented Database provides real time management for applications rich in complex inter-related data analysis and display.

• As a conclusion, while an Object Oriented Database is clearly more advantageous for highly complex data management requirements Objectivity or database federated Object Oriented Database raises the bar exponentially with future forward performance capabilities and features such as parallel query engines, certified grid computing interoperability, dynamic containers, schema evolution and persistent data replication across federations of objects.

Sources Retrieved From,

http://searchoracle.techtarget.com/definition/object-oriented-database-management-system

http://www.comptechdoc.org/independent/database/basicdb/dataobject.html

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-object-oriented-database-management-system.htm

Do Internet Database Mean the End of privacy ?

• The amount of data and information about individuals is stored anywhere in the internet increase everyday. Photos, financial records, employment history, personal details, and purchase are just a few types of data and information available to others for free or for a fee.Any type of data and information placed on the internet is almost index and often copied by a vast number of search engines such as yahoo, google and bing. Older data stored on paper is scanned, digitized, indexed and stored in database available on internet.

• Marketing companies for example, gather and sell information about consumer habits and detailed what customers want. Cell phone records can track not only a person's calls but also from where the call was made and other activities performed using the cell phone.

• Many people find, it is almost impossible to throw away all details about themselves from any of these sources. Even, a tiny cases or wrong activities could damage someone image and reputation. Peoples already know that, once the information and data stored in the internetm, nobody can expect privacy due to pervasive and permanent nature of data and information stored on the internet.

• In my opinion,  please not to share personal information online and to be wisely when engage in any online transactions .

Sources : Ethics & Issue, Discovering Computer Essentials 2011 Editon, Shelly Cashman Series.

what is a MARKETING DATABASE??

It is a file containing information about :

1. Individual

2. Customers

3. Potential customers

that is relevant to the marketing process. This file can be simple or sophisticated.

For centuries, businesspeople recorded customer information on slips of paper or in notebooks. some organization still use these manual database.

Example: in contrast, companies like American Express and Macy's have computer database that contain millions of names. Some of these names have hundreds of pieces of information.

whether the database uses simple or sophisticated technologies, the purpose is the same

To gain a better understanding of customers in order to increase the customer's satisfication and the oragnization's objectives.

Although some organizations still use paper database, the focus of this book is on computer database and how data about customers are stored, manipulated, and analyzed on a computer.

Where do the data about customer come from???

Companies build marketing database from number of sources. like Keri Lee, if you receive product offers in the mail, such as catalog, you are on a database. Your name could have been added to the database from a telephone book list, a membership list, or lists of public notices ( like a home purchase. when you respond to an offer for a product, your name usually gets added to another database.

There are companies that specialize in gathering and renting lists of customers. you might be surprised at the range and diversity of available list.

Example; as a marketer, you could rent lists of female corporate decision makers, residential pool owners, neuroscientists, serious collectors of plates, coins, and stamps, and people who have contributed to humanitarian causes.

In deciding on which list to select, you should match the characteristics of these lists to your target market. often the lists include detailed demographic and psychographic data.

Marketer do need customers database because for the marketing planning purpose, marketing do need to know what their customer preference and what is their customer frequent purchase, in order to do right marketing at the right customer. with the database collected the marketing plan will goes smoothly and will be successful.

Rapid Application Development Process

FIRSTLY,

The rapid application development (RAD) component enables you to configure a server project so that you can repeatedly deploy a server configuration (containing your message flows and message sets) to the runtime with a single toolbar button click. The RAD component uses the broker archive generation component, which creates the compiled message flow (.cmf) and compiled message set (dictionary) files, and stores them in a broker archive (bar). It then publishes (deploys) these resources to the target execution groups. Unlike with normal deployment, the bar file created using RAD is not retained for future use.

The RAD component is a quick way for people who are developing message flow applications to repeatedly test their message flows, ESQL transformation programs, and mapping transformation programs, in a safe environment, before they are used on a production system.

The following figure shows how RAD relates to the normal deployment cycle:

There are two ways to run RAD:

1. Run on Server
2. Debug on Server

• When you select Run on Server, a check is made to see if a default server is defined for the project. If it is, the project is published (deployed) to the default server. If not, the Server Selection wizard is opened before continuing and, when complete, a Publish action is performed for the server instance and its configuration.
• Debug on Server is similar to Run on Server, except that, after the action successfully completes, the Flow Debug perspective is opened for you to begin debugging your flow.
• SECONDLY,
• RAD allows the technology team to define the scope of the project, identify the iterations and begin working immediately in lieu of the older methodologies where the entire systems is designed on paper and then developed. As each iteration is finalized, based on priority, the complete system begins to take shape.   Tasks that normally could not be completed until the end of the project can most likely be completed during any stage of the product.  
• RAD begins with the End Goal in mind.  "Organize and perform activities according to their priority" (Stephen Covey). All iterations are working toward the same goal.  The graph below demonstrates a RAD cycle:

• THIRD,  It is a methodology for compressing the feasibility analysis, planning, design, build, and test phases into a series of short, iterative development cycles. Refer to book by James Martin: Rapid Application Development, Macmillan for details.

Rapid Application Development

ADVANTAGES OF USING RAD

• Conventional software development methods take, on an average almost 20% more time than the RAD procedure. Using RAD can enable quicker visualization of the end-design and hence allow rapid software testing and rectifying steps. The customer is able to have a faster look at the design to add valuable inputs, in order to make the design more user-friendly.
• The current competitive scenario demands frequently upgraded softwares in order to effectively satisfy customers' requirements. RAD enables a faster and updated version to reach the end user, by systematically eliminating redundant steps or using the prototype methods.
• Cost overruns and meeting the time constraints are another advantage, though not a big consideration in high-end uses.
• RAD makes the development process to be a more credible one by facilitating a scope for the customer to actively provide inputs in the development process. This may also prove a feasible study from the point of view of a developer.
• It protects the current project from the variations in the market.

For the conclusion, Rapid Application Development is an efficient methodology which can assist faster software development, and at the same time ensure maximum quality of the project.








Source Retrieved From,
http://www.brinex.com/solutions-bas-process-rad.html
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-of-rapid-application-development.html

What is SQL?

Hye!

Have you ever heard about SQL? What is SQL?

Structured Query Language (SQL) is the most widely used language for database interaction today. SQL is a specialized language for updating , deleting and requesting information from databases.

• SQL is an ANSI and ISO standard and is the de facto standard database query language. A variety of established database product support SQL, including products from Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server. It is widely used in both industry and academia often for enormous, complex database.

• SQL offers great flexibility to users by supporting distributed databases. i.e. databases that can be run on several computer networks at a time.

• SQL lying in the basis of a variety of well established database applications on the Internet today.

With the progress in database technology SQL-based applications have become increasingly affordable for the regular user. this is due to the introduction of various open-source SQL database solutions such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Firebird and many more.

See You Next Time!


References:
Knowledge Database
What is SQL? How does it Work and How is being used?

Decision Support System In Police Department

It is clear that the Police require software that assists them in:

•  Targeting resources for prevention more efficiently,
• Providing an empirical foundation for inter-agency burglary reduction initiatives,
• Identifying important data to be collected at an event, leading to efficiency gains in personal time; and,
• Providing information on designing systems which incorporate hard(forensic) and soft (crime scene information) data, and police intelligence information.

Burglary Data "GIS" plot. Data has been selected and loaded. The map is of the complete The Operational Command Unit (OCU). The Plot and Filter form (docked) shows the main plotting functions and a rubber band. Area has been selected for investigation. The plotted squares either indicate single victimizations or repeat victimizations, as shown in the legend.

• According to Figure 11, "Offender Features" have been already mentioned as they were involved in the other police crime experiments.They also included a kernel estimate, and were the most computationally intense feature to calculate.

• "Property Crime History" was simply the number of previous crime suffered by this premises. "Significant Property Stolen at the First Time" (45 categories) had been explored by the Police before our analysis, using a frequency count with "AUDIO/ RADIO" and JEWELRY being demonstrated to be the most significant variables.

• The results of the Bayesian network (for instance calibration) are not presented, indeed this approach has never been validated. This is because it contained many arbitrary and was intended as a prototype "proof of principle" demonstration.
• Although consideration able thought was given to how this algorithm in incorporated into decision support software, for use by police officers.

Shelby Police Department's GIS allows officers to analyze crime patterns, assess crimes, and predict future incidents. A geographic visualization of crimes committed provides decision support.

• For the Shelby, North Carolina, Police Department, CompStat is not only accurately painting a picture of what is happening, it is also providing concrete information to act on and has helped reduce crime significantly. Map-based tools have helped the department see exactly where crimes have been reported and respond with effective deployment of staff. The result is a dramatic decrease in incidents reported.

• As  Conclusion, "The key to success when you're using any type of crime trend analysis or crime data analysis is to get that information in real time to the front-line troops," explains Ledford. "That's how we're evolving our process now". 

• Based on my understandings, the police  want to more efficiently get that front-line officer, who is getting ready to hit the street, real-time information. The police  looking to train field sergeants on using the software directly so they can go in and analyze a type of crime or series of crimes by day or week or month or whatever they want."

Credit to;

Giles Oatley

Centre for Adaptive Systems, University of Sunderland

Brian Ewart

Psychology Division, University of Sunderland

John Zeleznikow

School of Information Systems, Victoria University

Sources Retrieved From, 

http://www.esri.com/news/arcnews/summer08articles/intelligence-led.html

Athletics Database System With Calculating Ranking

• Olympic Games and Commonwealth Games are both of the major sports events in the world.
• For example, Athletics is one of the category of events in the Olympic Games.
• Do you know how the management of this major sports event calculated  the record for each of the athlete?   

Shingo Suetsugu (JPN)
M 100m-200m 2000s-

Merlene Ottey (JAM)
F 100m-200m 1980s-1990s

Pietro Mennea (ITA)
M 100m-200m 1970s-1980s

• This entry provides you with an innovational ranking extraction system in athletics running events.You can get any rankings interactively in various conditions you set in. 
• BASIC RULES
• When calculating the Competition Score the following factors are considered:

• 1. Result Score: The actual results achieved in the competition
  2. Participation Score: The level of the participating athletes
  3. WR Bonus: World Records achieved in the competition
  Competition Score = Competition Result Score + Competition Participation Score + WR Bonus

  1. Competition Result Score

  
  

  1.1. Calculating the Competition Result Score

  1. The 24 best Events (see 1.2.) plus the 24 best remaining results (see 1.3.), i.e. a total of 144 results, are calculated to get the Result Score of the competition.

  1.2. Calculating the 24 best Events:

  1. The 5 best results in all the Events are added up to get the Event's Result Score.
  2. From all the Events which meet the above requirement, the 24 best Events are included for the calculation
  3. In the 24 best Events only Finals are considered. Heats, Quarterfinals, Semifinals, Qualifications or individual events during the combined events are not included in this calculation.

  1.3. Remaining 24 results

  1. From all the results which are not included in the 5 best results of the 24 best Events, the remaining 24 best results are included.
  2. Results from Heats, Quarterfinals, Semifinals, Qualifications and individual events during the combined events are also considered when calculating the remaining 24 results.

  1.4. Result Scores

  1. Results Scores are awarded for the result achieved by the athlete according to the latest edition of the relevant (i.e. indoor/outdoor) IAAF Scoring Tables of Athletics (by Dr. Bojidar Spiriev). For disciplines which are not included in the latest editions of IAAF Scoring Tables of Athletics, special Scoring Tables have been developed in full conformity with the IAAF versions.
  2. In Track & Field events Results Scores are calculated with the Wind and Hand Timing Modification System, as used in the All-Athletics.com World Rankings as well.
  3. In Road Running events Results Scores are calculated with the Downhill and Point-to-Point course Modification System, as used in the All-Athletics.com World Rankings as well.

As conclusion, all the management of the sports event will use specific database system to makes the program running smoothly and avoid mistaken and failure to the competition results. It is to make sure all the party satisfies with the results and to avoid cheating among the athlete.As far as my understandings, all the results score will update from year to year to crate a new world records based on the athlete achievements. All this output system will be produced by the database system who gathered all the input data.Tq~

Credit to:  1)Hiroshi Yokouchi,2)www.all-athletics.com

Sources Retrieved From; 

http://www.yoko20934.net/public/RunDB/index_E.htm

http://www.topendsports.com/events/index.htm

http://www.all-athletics.com/en-us/rules-all-athletics-world-rankings-2010-track-field-events#modres